Abstract：Spain’s CNMV issued 522 fraud warnings in 2024, up 32.5%, targeting unlicensed platforms mimicking legitimate firms.
In its 2024 annual report, Spains financial regulator CNMV (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores) revealed a significant escalation in efforts to combat fraudulent investment schemes and unauthorized financial entities. The report outlines an increasingly robust framework of market surveillance, enforcement, and investor protection measures in response to growing threats from online scams and so-called “boiler rooms.”
Sharp Rise in Fraud Alerts and Enforcement Actions
According to CNMV, a total of 522 warnings were issued against unauthorized entities in 2024—an increase of 32.5%compared to the previous year. The regulator identified these firms as operating without the required authorization to provide investment services in Spain, often mimicking the names or brands of legitimate financial institutions to gain investor trust.
These warnings formed part of CNMVs broader enforcement campaign, which included 51 fines totaling €12.3 million, a figure six times higher than in 2023. The agency also launched 25 new disciplinary proceedings, with a marked focus on market abuse cases, such as insider trading and price manipulation.
Surge in Investor Complaints and Whistleblowing Reports
The CNMV also received 1,034 formal investor complaints and responded to over 10,000 investor enquiries, highlighting ongoing public concern about fraudulent activity. Meanwhile, 964 whistleblower reports were submitted in 2024, up 12% year-on-year. These alerts led to the identification of 117 new boiler room schemes, underlining the growing sophistication and international scope of scam operations.
A separate document published by the CNMV on May 14, 2025, listed dozens of cloned websites and fake investment platforms reported by European regulators, particularly from Luxembourg‘s CSSF, Italy’s CONSOB, and the Netherlands AFM. These included falsely branded entities such as Golding Capital, Accendo Capital, Cliffs International Lux, and Smart Solutions Bot, among others.
Focus on Education and International Collaboration
Recognizing the importance of public awareness, CNMV has continued to strengthen its financial literacy efforts, including new podcasts and educational materials targeting retail investors. In parallel, the regulator has emphasized cross-border cooperation with European and international bodies such as ESMA, IOSCO, and the Financial Stability Board, particularly in the area of crypto-related regulation.
The CNMVs 2024 initiatives also supported regulatory modernization, referencing new EU legislation like MiCA(Markets in Crypto Assets), DORA (Digital Operational Resilience Act), and efforts to harmonize financial market rules across the bloc.
